When you write Python code, you’re mostly just performing actions on data.

• Operators are the action verbs (the symbols like +, -, or >).
• Expressions are the complete sentences (a combination of values and operators that create a final result).

1. Arithmetic Operators (The Math)

Used for standard calculations. Python has a few special tricks here!

• + (Add): 5 + 2 ➔ 7
• / (Divide): 10 / 2 ➔ 5.0
• // (Floor Divide): 10 // 3 ➔ 3
• (Exponent/Power): 3 2 ➔ 9

2. Relational Operators (The Comparers)

These ask a question and always return True or False. (Notice the capital ‘T’ and ‘F’ in Python!)

• == (Are they equal?): 5 == 5 ➔ True
• != (Are they different?): 5 != 5 ➔ False
• > (Is it greater?): 10 > 2 ➔ True

3. Logical Operators (The Decision Makers)

Used to string multiple conditions together. Python keeps it simple by using plain English words.

• and (Both must be True): (is_raining) and (has_umbrella)
• or (Only one needs to be True): (is_saturday) or (is_sunday)
• not (Flips the answer): not (is_tired) ➔ Means you are awake!

4. Assignment Operators (The Storage)

Used to save a value inside a variable.

• = : score = 10 (Saves 10 into the ‘score’ box)
• += : score += 5 (Adds 5 to the current score. The score is now 15)

current_score = 90
points_gained = 15

# An Expression updating the score using an Assignment and Arithmetic operator
current_score += points_gained 

# An Expression using a Relational operator to see if they won
game_won = current_score >= 100 

# Result: game_won is True!
print(game_won)